How to Write an Opinion Essay

Step by step instructions to Write an Opinion Essay The most effective method to Write an Opinion Essay How to compose a feeling exposition? In basic terms, a conclusion paper is a book, which mirrors your genuine belief on any point: interests, books, writers, places, and so on. The exposition should contend our closely-held conviction about something, through which others have just stated, for instance. Know your subject In the first place is the issue, on the grounds that each feeling is consistently a supposition on something. The world is loaded with issues since it is brimming with questions, however not all issues are equivalent. Now and then we are keen on the world all things considered, some of the time we are keen on the world qualities and discussion issues, lastly, here and there we need to impact the world and issues discussed choice. In this way, truly, feelings contrast: before a reality, sentiment is to clarify, face an issue esteeming the view, and at an intersection the survey is to choose the best game-plan. In this way, as a matter of first importance we should know the idea of the subject. Composing a sentiment article †6 significant hints It is normal in schools that instructors allocate an article on a particular point; the accompanying advances will assist you with composing a decent feeling exposition: 1. Decision of point for a conclusion article You should start with something that you truly like; for instance, your preferred music. 2. What is the feeling that you give about your subject? Now one must ponder, for instance, regardless of whether your preferred music is pop; what utilizes these class components to be portrayed in that capacity? 3. Peruse different sources that discussion about your subject For this you gather different assessments and contrast your view and them, continually contending with our insight and experience. 4. Begin composing your feeling paper This point is significant in light of the fact that occasionally we are hesitant to confront the clear page. You compose what you think, about your emotions, encounters, guides to contend and concentrated data that we have just perused in certain sources. 5. It is significant that you quote your sources when composing In the event that somebody stated, for instance, the meaning of fly, from it you can state who said it. Since there you can keep doing the preliminary. 6. You should take note of that an assessment article is a kind of free content Once you’ve practiced the subjects and structures, in any case, you can be guided by the straightforward recipe: presentation, improvement and end. In the presentation you put the pioneers of your subject, in building up your perspectives regarding the matter and, at long last, the last subtleties after you have painstakingly broke down the topic. When composing a conclusion paper, it is essential to initially consider something you truly like, from what you know. Be that as it may, in the event that it is a school task and you don't think a lot about the subject, it is critical to peruse. One significant sort is the artistic exposition, where you can blend every single imaginable ways. Give it a shot, a particular topic never runs out totally. You can complete one, however then you can change your conclusion. In this way, you can compose another article on the equivalent yet unique. The significant thing is to attempt, protect and contend that you feel and think.

jayson williams is guilty essays

jayson williams is blameworthy articles Previous NBA player Jayson Williams, 36, is completely answerable for the February fourteenth (2002) shooting of Costas Christofi. Christofi, 55, had been employed to drive Williams' companions from a Bethlehem, Pa. good cause occasion back to his bequest. Williams shot Christofi while giving his home visitors a voyage through his Hunterdon County home following a night out. Williams' sibling, and eleven different visitors, including four players from the Harlem Globetrotters, were at the house the evening of the shooting. As indicated by the observers who affirmed at the preliminary, while Williams was demonstrating his visitors around his main room, he got a twelve-measure shotgun from his weapon bureau, opened it, and afterward jolted it shut. At the point when the weapon shut, it shot, striking Christofi in the chest. He was discovered shot to death in the main room. Williams was accused of homicide and different charges which incorporate impeding dread, proof altering, witness a ltering, creating physical proof and connivance to deter the law for the passing of his limousine driver (Free Press). What is difficult to comprehend is the reason Williams even removed the shotgun from his firearm bureau. Something which is significantly progressively hard to comprehend is the manner by which he was unable to understand the shotgun was stacked. On the off chance that he realized it was stacked, might he be able to really be that wild to mess with it. Additionally, for what reason was the firearm in any event, confronting Christofi? There is no uncertainty that he did nott intend to execute Christofi, however how might he be so careless? The way that he shot Christofi isn't even the upsetting part. Christofi's passing was at first revealed as a self destruction, however it was later administered a crime after a post-mortem affirmed it. A 911 tape really uncovers Williams saying that a man ended it all in his home. Williams advised his visitors to concur on saying that Christofi slaughtered himself. During the time where Christofi was fired, Williams cleaned down the weapon and afterward attempted to t... <!

Circadian Rhythms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Circadian Rhythms - Essay Example Circadian cadence happens in wide assortment of living beings separated from people and are constrained by natural and interior components. Temperature and light are the basic natural elements. The circadian cycle is constrained by suprachiasmatic core situated in nerve center area of mind that impacts the rest wake cycle by getting signals from retina of eye about light and dull. The photoreceptor cells in retina transmit flags on light actuation and deactivation by means of neurons of retinohypothalamic tract to the SCN, which are additionally transmitted to pineal organ by means of the prevalent cervical ganglion. Circadian musicality happens in wide assortment of living beings separated from people and are constrained by natural and inward factors. Temperature and light are the basic natural elements. The circadian cycle is constrained by suprachiasmatic core situated in nerve center district of cerebrum that impacts the rest wake cycle by accepting signs from retina of eye abo ut light and dull. The photoreceptor cells in retina transmit flags on light actuation and deactivation by means of neurons of retinohypothalamic tract to the SCN, which are additionally transmitted to pineal organ through the prevalent cervical ganglion.â The unrivaled cervical ganglion discharges noradrenaline into pineal cells during dull, which is trailed by change of serotonin into melatonin. The SCN prompts the arrival of more melatonin hormone from pineal organ when the light levels are low that thusly impacts the brainstem systems.

Emotional intelligence Essay Example For Students

Enthusiastic insight Essay Improvement OF EI The improvement of Emotional insight Essay requires an acknowledgment of ones own qualities and confinements, an investigation of how current choices are encircled through convictions and related involvements, and the actualisation of potential by utilizing the more noteworthy self information picked up. Nonetheless, in a report by the Institute of Management (2002) look into demonstrated that the nature of initiative in the working environment was poor. Further, the examination fortifies a positive connection between budgetary turnover and the need given to authority improvement (Institute of Management, 2002). Fifty-five percent of those addressed gave the trait of being motivating as the most significant quality of administration, yet just eleven percent state they are seeing it at work. Motivation could be characterized as the degree to which a pioneer animates energy among subordinates for crafted by the gathering, and directs sentiments toward fabricate their trust in their capacity to effectively perform assignments and achieve bunch targets. In those associations that do put resources into drawing out the capability of their pioneers it could be contended that an emphasis on working connections could be viewed as generally important. Once more, it could be contended that self-and-different mindfulness is an essential for building up these working connections. In todays more youthful directors, information and aspiration are distinguished as attributes that are not esteemed administration characteristics (Institute of Management, 2001). The exploration by the Institute of Management proceeds to state that a larger part of administrators supported a model of authority in which the pioneers fundamental job is to make a feeling of direction and a focal vision or set of objectives, and afterward help draw out the capability of others around them to accomplish such objectives (Institute of Management 2001). In the midst of monetary change where there is a run down of the old structure of trade, new fields of business are looked for, to a limited extent, by development. Advancement can be viewed as the fruitful misuse of new thoughts (The Scottish Office, 1996). To help misuse new thoughts we need rousing pioneers. Administrations fundamental develops are motivation and individualized thought, involving shifts in the convictions, needs and estimations of the supporters (Fiedler, 1996). The changing pioneers practices exude from profoundly held convictions and qualities, for example, equity and respectability (Fiedler, 1996). Fiedler (1996) contends that past examination into initiative has been centered around characteristics and capacities, and that the most significant exercise in the course of recent years is that the administration of gatherings and associations is a profoundly unpredictable collaboration between the individual and the social and undertaking condition. In this manner, it could be contended that Leadership examine has neglected Leadership being a social procedure. How well the pioneers specific style, capacities, and foundation add to execution is to a great extent dependent upon the control and impact the authority circumstance gives. As Feidler (1996) states, if authority was straightforward, we would have all the appropriate responses well before now. The administration forms are exceptionally mind boggling. This rule despite everything must be converted into training. Fiedler (1996) proceeds to state ;we can't make pioneers increasingly smart or progressively inventive, yet we can structure circumstances that permit heads to use their scholarly capacities, ability and experience all the more viably. In this profoundly serious age, this is probably going to be of significant pragmatic significance.; Nevertheless, as Goleman (2000) contends, powerful initiative despite everything escapes numerous individuals and associations. Goleman (2000) states that pioneers who get the best outcomes dont depend on only one authority style; they utilize any of six unmistakable administration styles at whatever week. These initiative styles each spring from various parts of enthusiastic insight. The properties of self-and-different mindfulness, sympathy and undivided attention abilities will be utilized in this paper as a working meaning of Emotional Intelligence (Goleman, 1995). However, it ought to likewise be perceived that administrators may likewise think that its hard to alter styles practically speaking. For instance, different mindfulness needs listening aptitudes and compassion (Markova, 1987). From a mental point of view these abilities sound straightforward however truly they are definitely not. Sexual orientation Identity Disorder (GID) Essay Some sing to themselves; they attempt to mess around or even nod off. At the point when the scientist returns he gives them their well deserved marshmallow. What's more, the, science hangs tight for them to grow up. When the youngsters arrived at secondary school, something surprising has occurred. A study of the childrens guardians and educators found that the individuals who as four-year-olds hung tight for the subsequent marshmallow ended up being better balanced increasingly well known, progressively trustworthy youngsters. The kids who yielded to the allurement at an opportune time were .

Long Term Goals free essay sample

Long haul objectives Goals are as basic to progress as air is to life. One of my preferred idioms, Its amusing that would be my preferred saying since Ive consistently been an organizer. I generally had an arrangement. Anticipating our fates is significant regardless of whether those plans may change. One manner by which we plan for what's to come is by defining objectives. characterizes an objective as the end toward which exertion is coordinated. Some portion of the vocation arranging process includes defining objectives. These objectives, both long and present moment, will be utilized to build up a profession activity plan. The profession activity plan depicts steps you will take to arrive at your objectives. objective is normally a specific profession objective. It tends to be a specific occupation, a bar on the vocation stepping stool, or a profit level. Objectives might be either short or long haul. Long haul objectives can take around three to five years to accomplish, while momentary objectives are reachable in one to three years. We will compose a custom exposition test on Long haul Goals or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Momentary objectives are frequently a stop en route to our drawn out objectives. You choose what you need to do and afterward make sense of what you have to do to accomplish your objective. At that point you get into progressively confounded objectives your arrangements for what's to come. Its accomplishing those objectives that isnt so natural. Obviously the moves you make to attempt to achieve your objectives will assume a tremendous job in whether you contact them. Be that as it may, the manner in which you figure your objectives is critical as well. I accept by accomplishing my B. com degree at osmania University, joined with the establishment worked during my MBA . I will have the essential scholarly instruments to exceed expectations in the field of fund and rising money related fields. To accomplish my objectives, including my objective of turning into a money related academe, I intend to focus my investigations vigorously on constant training in the field of fund. Qualities that will help me in doing this and accomplishing my objective of research incorporate my insight into higher science and business measurements, and a high level of information in the fields of money, bookkeeping and hazard the board. Different apparatuses that will help me in understanding my objectives incorporate courses I have taken for my MBA, including insights, business methodology and full scale/smaller scale financial aspects.

The argument in The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith depends on the Essay

The contention in The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith relies upon the chance of disappointment. For what reason is this so What ramifications does this have - Essay Example The abundance of countries frames the second part of Smith's science, and its authentic scope contains part, yet just a minor part, of such a record. Conceivably an original copy was among the items entrusted to the blazes by his abstract agents. We do, by and by, have two arrangements of notes recording Smith's initial Lectures on Jurisprudence; these notes give an insufficiently early and blemished sign of what his missing part of the science may have contained. Regardless of their errors, these notes have essentially expanded our familiarity with Smith's expectation to impart an incorporated science. A few issues like likelihood of disappointment have been pondered to live in the interstices between the three parts of Smith's science. Plainly it was one after another liable to allude to the Adam Smith issue of disappointment as the (testing) connection between the abundance of countries and the Theory of Moral Sentiments. I want to consider the to be of his branches as offering ascend to interpretive vulnerabilities instead of issues. To the extent the state goes, the crucial vulnerability emerges from the way that pieces of the abundance of countries appear to underestimate countries (particularly the presentation and plan of the work), yet national limits structure an extremely solid risk to social advancement all through Smith's scholarly framework: to the improvement of material government assistance at various focuses in the abundance of countries and to the advancement of kindness in the Theory of Moral Sentiments. The jurisprudential constituent of Smith's science was rare ly finished up, however his initial talks regarding the matter additionally suggest that he viewed the country state as a transitional structure: one that previously required substitution in his day. Current distractions with specific issues of arrangement have given Smith's monetary investigation and related remedies reestablished noticeable quality. The mental decisions on which The Wealth of Nations is evidently based have likewise stood out and made natural Smith's great articulation that: It isn't from the liberality of the butcher, the brewer, or the bread cook, that we anticipate our supper, yet from the view to their own advantage. No one aside from a poor person decides to depend basically upon the generosity of his kindred residents. Indeed, even a poor person doesn't rely on it totally. (Abundance Of Nations I. ii. 2) Financial experts have deciphered this announcement to imply that Smith was managing a limited scope of human involvement with The Wealth of Nations- - what Alfred Marshall was later to portray as the investigation of humankind 'in the common business life' ( 1956, p. 12). Taken a gander at along these lines, the proposal that men demonstration in a self intrigued way can be viewed as a theory which makes the undertaking of financial examination increasingly sensible. Precisely this point was made by Smith's contemporary, Sir James Steuart, when be watched: 'The guideline of personal responsibility will fill in as a general key to this enquiry; and it might, in one sense, be considered as the decision standard of

Scholarships with October Deadlines

HomeScholarshipsUncategorizedScholarships with October DeadlinesThis page may contain affiliate links.Oct 11, 2019Civil Rights and Criminal Law Essay Competition Scholarship Amount: $1,000 Apply By: October 1, 2019 Description: Scholarship is open to current undergraduate and graduate students who have at least a 3.0 GPA. Applicant will submit an essay about what the Constitution means to them. Sponsor: Spolin Law Employment Boost Academic Scholarships Amount: $1,000 Apply By: October 1, 2019 Description: Scholarship is open to incoming and current college students who have a minimum of a 3.6 GPA. Applicant must read and interpret a given poem. Sponsor: Employment Boost Law School Diversity Scholarship Program Amount: $2,000 Apply By: October 1, 2019 Description: Scholarship is open to students who have a minimum 3.0 GPA and have completed at least one semester of classes at an accredited law school. Applicant must be a member of an ethnic or racial minority or any individual who demonstrates a commitment to issues of diversity. Sponsor: Buckfire Buckfire, P.C. Paramount Builders, Inc. Scholarship Amount: $1,000 Apply By: October 1, 2019 Description: Scholarship is open to full-time, U.S. undergraduate students seeking a degree in marketing, business management, sales or a related field. Applicant must have at least a 3.5 GPA. Applicant must submit an essay answering three given prompts related to home building. Sponsor: Paramount Builders, Inc. Save a Life Scholarship Amount: $1,500 Apply By: October 1, 2019 Description: Scholarship is open to students currently enrolled in, or applying to enroll within the next academic year, in a degree program in the fields of healthcare or education, at an accredited U.S. university. Sponsor: American Academy of CPR First Aid, Inc. Malcolm X Scholarship for â€Å"Exceptional Courage† Amount: Up to $4,000 Apply By: October 2, 2019 Description: Scholarship is open to undergraduate students who are enrolled at a UNCF institution. Applicant must have overcome challenges in pursuit of a college education. Sponsor: Spike Lee | UNCF Charleston Family Trust Scholarship Amount: Up to $3,000 Apply By: October 3, 2019 Description: Scholarship is open to African-American undergraduate students who have at least a 2.5 GPA. Applicant must be a legal resident of the United States and must have completed the FAFSA and demonstrate financial need. Sponsor: Charleston Family Trust | UNCF Create Real Impact Contest Amount: Up to $1,500 Apply By: October 5, 2019 Description: Contest is open to legal residents of the 50 United States and the District of Columbia between the ages of 14 and 22 years. Applicant must create an original work showcasing their idea for a solution to fix the problem of reckless and distracted driving. Sponsor: Impact Teen Drivers Student Loan Hero Scholarship Amount: Up to $5,000 Apply By: October 6, 2019 Description: Scholarship is open to students actively enrolled in a college or university who are legal residents of the U.S. Applicant must submit an essay answering three personal questions related to finances. Sponsor: Student Loan Hero UNCF/FedEx Scholarship Amount: Up to $4,000 Apply By: October 7, 2019 Description: Scholarship is open to college freshmen, sophomores and juniors who are enrolled at a Historically Black College or University and have at least a 3.0 GPA. Applicant must have demonstrated unmet financial need. Sponsor: FedEx/UNCF Schedulers Dispatchers Monetary Scholarships Amount: Up to $10,000 Apply By: October 11, 2019 Description: Scholarship is open to current and aspiring schedulers and dispatchers. 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A Shipwreck of Faith - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1580 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/03/21 Category Religion Essay Level High school Tags: Faith Essay Did you like this example? In Daniel Defoes book Robinson Crusoe, the main character endures many battles along his adventures while entering adulthood. As Robinson Crusoe journeys across the seas, God makes Crusoe enduress many trials. First, starting from when he sets off to sea, disobeying his parents wishes in the process, to encountering many shipwrecks, and lastly the opportunity of sharing his growing faith with others. By Crusoe encountering these many obstacles, it goes just to show how having a weak foundation in faith can reveal many unwanted paths. Christianity plays a major role in this well-known piece, as this is the biggest obstacle Crusoe is struggling with right from the jump. Crusoes father had a life plan set for him ever since he was little. He wanted his son to become a great lawyer, as stated, my fatherdesigned me for the law(Defoe 9). This was not in Crusoes heart obviously, as it was set for the ocean. Crusoe completely ignores what his father was trying to accomplish for his son, and set sail for the great adventure that the seas had to offer, showing us our first Christianity reference. In the Bible, the story of the prodigal son is a story of how two brothers both get share of their fathers inheritance. The father warns them to be careful of how they use such money, but only one son listens, as the other ignores his father and adventures what the world has to offer (New International Version, Luke 15.11-13). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Shipwreck of Faith" essay for you Create order Crusoe is unaware of his actions as he has not developed a deep and prolonging faith within the religion of Christianity itself. In the beginning, he is what most Christians would describe as a lukewarm Christian. What this means in simpler terms is that he knows what Christianity is and says he believes in the customs and aspects of the religion, but does not live his life according to what is being described within the Bible itself. With the current situation that Crusoe is found within the beginning of the story, this takes a toll on his future escapades as his weak mind and faith have him struggle in the battles soon to come. As time moves on, Crusoe soon finds himself shipwrecked with nowhere to go. He is captured by Turkish pirates, who make Crusoe and many others their slaves. Slavery was very popular back in the time of Robinson Crusoe, so it was not looked as a terrible matter as seen today. Still, for Crusoe, he was going through a lot mentally, as one went from slave owner to slave is a drastic change in roles. Seeing this happening, readers could suggest that this was an act of God humbling Crusoe, and showing how little he was compared to everything else that was surrounding him every day, that life could change so quickly in an instant. While captured, he meets another slave, Xury. Later when Crusoe and Xury are rescued by a Portuguese sea captain, Crusoe makes a deal with the captain, to set Xury free on only one condition: he converts to Christianity (Xury in Robinson Crusoe par. 3). With this deal set between the captain and Crusoe, this demonstrates Crusoes first attempt at trying to share his steady growing faith within meeting new people. As God humbled Crusoe, it brought to the surface a different kind of sailor, who wants to show others what life is actually all about. Defoe never went into anymore detail of what happened with Xury and his call to action towards a new religion found upon by both of the slaves, but this was a very large step at the development towards Crusoes journey in the religion. Growing up with his parents, especially his father, Crusoe had a well-established education, not only for the base education taught in most schools, but within the profession his father wanted for him. Stated in the book, my father and mother about their being so positively determined against what they knew my inclinations prompted me to (Defoe 6). The profession of being a lawyer is pretty rough, not only going through and living the job out in your everyday life, but finding the differentiations between everyday people and others who differ in social class. Lawyers have to find certain kinds of tactics, how to use them, and how to apply them to certain people who might think or do things contrasting from the normal way of everyone else. With this in mind, Crusoe was probably taught this by his father, which could help him with his developing faith by putting thoughts to action. As the old saying goes, actions speak louder than words. A big example of this could be seen when Crusoe and Friday are on the cannibalistic island together. As Crusoe rescued Friday from the cannibals, he takes Friday under his ownership and shows him the basics of living, his language, and soon Crusoes second conversion of faith in someone (Robinson Crusoe Theme par. 1).. As Crusoe teaches Friday, Friday soon starts to understand a lot of Crusoes customs, but about his relationship with God. (RobinsonCrusoe par. 33) While this representation goes on, it all ties back to that original saying. Crusoe might have taught Friday about Christianity, but he also did it in action as well, most of the time unintentionally. Friday was rescued by Crusoe, but in the text he was seen calling Crusoe names of power like master (Friday in Robinson Crusoe par. 1). With this being stated, it is being depicted that Friday is under authority or power of Crusoe, much like a slave. As a slave, Friday does whatever Crusoe orders him to. Friday soon gets into this mind set later on, and since he is Crusoes property he wants to follow everything that Crusoe does, including religion. Not only was the religion of Christianity being taught, but Friday wanted to learn more and develop these thoughts to show his master that he respects him who leheartedly. This could be seen as a big leap of faith, not only by Friday, but by Crusoe himself. He is starting to develop a sturdy relationship between him and God, by bringing others to know Him. This is big for Crusoe because it is showing signs of maturity and trust as he is growing through the time spent away from home and stranded on the island. As Robinson Crusoe escapes the island and finds his way back home, he soon discovers that his plantation has made him a reasonably good amount of money. After he obtains his money from the plantation in Brazil, he pays everyone who has cared for him, starting from the Portuguese captain who rescued him and Xury, to one of his widow friends and two sisters. As this is done in the story, this could look to be another religious aspect in Christianity. Tithing is a very important matter in most churches, as it is seen as giving back to the one who has given. This is seen often, as in Christianity it is believed that the love and sacrifice that has been given to the followers of Christ is unpayable, but giving what they have to help the church is portrayed as a temporary way of doing so. This could be compared to Crusoes side of the story, as many have helped him and others along the way of his countless journeys and explorations all without any kind of payment or return at the time. As h e receives his profit, he instantly pays back the Portuguese captain who rescued him from shipwreck. He then returns to England to then repay a widowed friend and his two sisters, another example of Crusoe giving back to the ones who gave to him in the beginning. With evidence from the text and representations that back the religious aspects of Christianity, there is no doubt that Crusoe was struggling with a lack in faith. What Crusoe went through, starting from the beginning seen defying his parents wishes, to encountering new experiences through troubled times, and finally ending it with building a strong foundation in the faith of God shows that it was a tough ride for him all around. Many would say Crusoe has seen it all, but of course he sets back sailing again at the end of the story, adventuring even further to see what more the world has to offer. It is clearly shown in the story that the theme is constant all the way towards the end; No matter how tough the obstacles will become, God is always the guide towards a strong outcome. Crusoe constantly tried and tried again after every attempt to do things by himself, but as soon as he let God take the reins everything started to look brighter again in Crusoes future. As we face troubles and hardships, Crusoe should be a reminder to all that without a strong foundation in faith, it will lead us into many unwanted paths that for some, may be too difficult to endure. Works Cited Defoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe. 1719. Print. Shmoop Editorial Team. Robinson Crusoe Theme of Religion. Shmoop, Shmoop University, 11 Nov. 2008, www.shmoop.com/robinson-crusoe/religion-theme.html. RobinsonCrusoe A Born-Again Christian?, www.wordbasedcounseling.org/Articles/RobinsonCrusoe.htm. Shmoop Editorial Team. Xury in Robinson Crusoe. Shmoop, Shmoop University, 11 Nov. 2008, www.shmoop.com/robinson-crusoe/xury.html. Shmoop Editorial Team. Friday in Robinson Crusoe. Shmoop, Shmoop University, 11 Nov. 2008, www.shmoop.com/robinson-crusoe/friday.html. New International Version. Biblica, 2011. BibleGateway.com, www.biblegateway.com/versions/New-International-Version-NIV-Bible/

The Beginning Of Enslavement Of Slavery Essay - 1284 Words

The Beginning of Enslavement After the Thirty Years War, Europe’s economy was depressed leaving many laborers without work. A life in the â€Å"New World,† gave European Immigrants a new sense of hope. Indentured Servants were people who sold their labor voluntarily in exchange for free passage to the â€Å"New World,† and given housing upon their arrival. They were willing to enter an agreement to work for a specified amount of time, nor were considered the property of the contract holder. Alike in certain aspects, however, divergent in many areas of Indentured Servants, in the early 1600’s Slavery began in America when the first African Slaves brought to the colony of Jamestown, Virginia. Virginia was one of the first states to acknowledge slavery in its laws, to aid the production of lucrative tobacco crops. In 1670. The law that defined which people could be enslaved declared, â€Å"all servants not being Christians imported into this colony by shipping shall be slaves for their lives.† (Norton, Mary Beth. (2015). Initially, slaves were treated as Indentured Servants and given much freedom until eventually slave laws were passed. When the slave laws were passed this had seized any freedoms that might have existed for African Americans. The colonies began to reflect contradictions between Indentured Servants and Slaves. â€Å"More important, the laws began to differentiate between races: the association of â€Å"servitude for natural life† with people of African descent became common.† (LawShow MoreRelatedSlavery And Its Effects On The Lives Of All People1438 Words   |  6 Pagesproperty. Slavery has made a disastrous impact on the lives of all people. Although slavery has left countless people dead, many have looked at it as a necessary aspect of society that was beneficial to all. Slavery plays a very prominent role in Toni Morrison’s Beloved, the effects of slavery are examined through various characters. The idea of slavery i s typically associated with this physical enslavement of a human being, but in Beloved, slavery transcends this typical association. Slavery has dehumanizedRead MoreWomen s Rights And Abolitionist Movement Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesThe Beginning of Women’s Rights Abolitionist Movement Women’s Rights Abolitionists Back in the nineteenth century men and women were not treated equally as they are now. Women did not have as much freedom as the men did and that caused a national movement. Not only were the women segregated from the men, but the discrimination against the African American race was a huge ordeal as well. With both movements combined, it led to a controversial development at that time. Not only were womenRead MoreOlaudah Equiano, A Reliable Source For Historians, Educators, And Students1140 Words   |  5 PagesThe Interesting Narrative conveys the first-hand experiences of an African who is stripped of the basic rights given to humans and is forced into slavery, while at the same this individual fights for freedom. This autobiography is a reliable source for historians, educators, and students. After analyzing the literature, I concluded that the autobiography’s main criteria included content, tone, perspective, and the structure of his writing. The authors ability to m anipulate this criterion, allowsRead MoreNative Americans And The New World1308 Words   |  6 PagesBeginning in the Sixteenth Century, Europeans sought to escape religious and class persecution by engaging on a journey to the New World. However, they were unaware that this â€Å"New World† was already inhabited by many groups of Native Americans, who had been established on the continent for thousands of years. At first, the two ethnic groups lived in relative peace. The colonists of Jamestown survived due to Powhatan’s tribe teaching them how to cultivate the land. However, things took a twisted turnRead MoreSojourner Truth And Harriet Tubman947 Words   |  4 PagesSojourner truth and Harriet Tubman made a huge impact during slavery times. Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman were two women who were born into slavery. They both suffered from bad treatment from their owner. Also, they both later in their lives ran away from their enslavement. Sojourner Truth and Har riet Tubman both took part in issues dealing with civil rights and were abolitionists. They both went different ways in helping other slaves with obtaining their freedom. Sojourner Truth was an abolitionistRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved960 Words   |  4 Pages1987 novel about the detrimental effects slavery has on a woman, Sethe, and those surrounding her, even after the abolition of slavery. The novel details on how the past interferes with the characters’ presents, how broken slavery left them, and how much they struggle to find their identity after slavery. When discussing Paul D’s struggles with identity and manhood, Morrison uses consonance, rhetorical questions, and violent diction to show the reader how slavery stripped slaves of their manhood andRead MoreOlaudah Equianos the Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself1119 Words   |  5 Pagestrials, tribulations and journey from slav ery at an early age to freedom. For Equiano, it seems that slavery is almost a metaphysical phenomenon. His entire life is essentially characterized by the different experiences relating slavery, from Africa to the Middle Passage to plantation life in the West Indies and United States. Equiano’s views on slavery are tough to articulate and truly complex. Throughout the novel he makes reference to different ‘degrees of slavery,’ at times condemning the practiceRead MoreA Review of American Negro Slavery by Ulrich B. Phillips Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesA Review of American Negro Slavery by Ulrich B. Phillips Phillips book is an attempt to provide an overview of the practice and institutions of slavery in the Americas from its beginnings to the 19th century. Writing in 1918, Phillips hoped to provide an account of slavery based upon historical evidence and modern methods of research, rather than ideological motivations. He drew his evidence from the plantation records and letters of slave owners; contemporary travel accounts; court recordsRead More The Development of Racism Essay1259 Words   |  6 Pagesthe present are the social and economic inferiority it conferred upon blacks and the cultural racism it instilled in whites. Both continue to haunt our society. Therefore, treating slaverys enduring legacy is necessarily controversial. Unlike slavery, racism is not over yet. (Loewen 143) Racism can be defined as any set of beliefs, which classifies humanity into distinct collectives, defined in terms of natural and/or cultural attributes, and ranks these attributes in a hierarchy of superiorityRead MoreThe Importance Of Colonialization For The Three Main Colonial Powers During The New World969 Words   |  4 Pagesadaptations and creative innovations that facilitated trade, diplomacy, and kinship across large portions of North America (11).† Instead of challenging this view, Brett Rushforth in Bonds of Alliance: Indigenous and Atlantic Slaveries in New France argues that the enslavement of indigenous populations developed out of this adaptable relationship between the French colonists and their Indian allies residing in the Pays d’en Haut. The cultural, economic, and political pressures exerted by the French

Perseverance In Society - 1223 Words

â€Å"You may encounter many defeats, but you must not be defeated. In fact, it may be necessary to encounter the defeats, so you know who you are, what you can rise from, how you can still come out of it† (Maya Angelou). In all the nonfiction books read in class perseverance is the main concept in each story. The dictionary defines perseverance as â€Å"continued effort to do or achieve something despite difficulties, failure, or opposition : the action or condition or an instance of persevering†. In terms of usage, perseverance is a noun. Common synonyms for perseverance include â€Å"persistence† and â€Å"steadfastness†. The antonyms of perseverance are giving up and not trying. This is important because perseverance is having to keep trying and never†¦show more content†¦Everyday Melba was taunted, spit on, yelled at, and had her heels walked on but persevered through it all and never gave up. Malala Yousafzai persevered everyday to try to ge t an equal education. Malala never gave up trying to get an equal education and wanted to be treated no different because she was a girl. Coach Thomas known as Ed demonstrated perseverance towards his family, friends, and his AP football team. Ed always pushed the boys to their best ability and never treated anyone negatively. He not only was a coach, he was a role model, inspiration, and a leader for the entire community. Each individual wanted to make an impact on everyone s life. Nonfiction literature represents the understanding of perseverance and connects to influencing readers by doing anything, no matter the difficulty of achieving a certain goal and connects an individual with behavioral traits and feelings they have. Melba Pattillo Beals in Warriors Don’t Cry demonstrates how she never gave up and looked at all the positives. Nine students including, Melba immigrated a school system, but did not get treated well. When the nine students wanted to give up, they instead did not let anyone stop them and kept going back to school. â€Å"A large crowd of jeering, pencil-throwing students hovered around us menacingly. We had no choice but to go forward†(162). Perseverance is the author’s purpose because this demonstrates how the nine students never gave up even as they went throughShow MoreRelatedPerseverance Analysis. Many People Suffer Problemsin The1228 Words   |  5 PagesPerseverance Analysis Many people suffer problems in the world today. This includes terrorism and tyranny. It includes kidnapping and hate crime. It can also be cancer and starvation. Many have lived through problems like these and told the tale because they persevered. Through Hillenbrand’s Unbroken, Wiesel’s Night, and Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird, perseverance is emphasized the readers by writing about characters, whether they are survivors of the Holocaust, a prisoner of war, or familyRead MoreAnalysis Of Perseverance By Maya Angelou1206 Words   |  5 Pages Perseverance â€Å"You may encounter many defeats, but you must not be defeated. In fact, it may be necessary to encounter the defeats, so you know who you are, what you can rise from, how you can still come out of it† (Maya Angelou). In all the nonfiction books read in class perseverance is the main concept in each story. The dictionary defines perseverance as â€Å"continued effort to do or achieve something despite difficulties, failure, or opposition : the action or condition or an instance of persevering†Read MoreThe Apartheid Of Nelson Mandela875 Words   |  4 Pagesafter returning to South Africa Nelson Mandela was arrested for high treason. After his release he was elected the first African American president of South Africa. His perseverance and will to carry out a job to restore equality throughout his country is seen as admirable through the eyes of many people. Nelson Mandela s perseverance is what notifies him as a great hero for people all over the world. Immediately after Mandela was released from prison he didn t waste anytime trying to create equalityRead MoreThe Creation Of New Inventions974 Words   |  4 PagesIf people are the same, can the creation of new inventions come into existence? How can society and individuals improve if there are no differences? In fact, innovation comes from the mind, but the uniqueness of people has led to these creations. Ever since the first incandescent lightbulb to the present age of rockets and computers, these inventions are what have helped society progress forward into a new era of life. However, how can people comprehend that a single person has created a complexRead MoreThe Old Man And The Sea By Ernest Hemingway1744 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationships/friendships, pride, perseverance, reputation in society, and so on. Each theme covered will be used to show that secular and humanist values a re important for survival and prosperity in society. Firstly, the author indicates that despite his old age, Santiago’s perseverance sets him apart from others in society. The Council for Secular Humanism writes that â€Å"Secular humanism has provided an impetus for humans to solve their problems with intelligence and perseverance, to conquer geographic andRead MoreMasculinity In Beowulf1745 Words   |  7 PagesDid you know there is a great controversy with today’s society, putting men over women? It is sparking debates across the world on why men are thought to be stronger and be able to do more activities than women. There is an ongoing debate between men and women on equality. Beowulf and contemporary culture assert their masculinity through physical strength, financial wealth, honor, perseverance, reputation, and intelligence. In Beowulf’s Society, physical strength was thought of a man who could conquerRead MoreExamples Of Attainment Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1029 Words   |  5 Pageswritten by F. Scott Fitzgerald. This book features the battles to create a happy life for yourself and all the mess in between. Undeterred by heritage, race, and class you can obtain the American Dream through perseverance and commitment to your work. In the novel, Gatsby shows perseverance through his relationship with Daisy Buchanan. She was an old love from his young life back in the war. Daisy was married to Tom Buchanan back when Jay was involved in the war. Daisy married Tom for his money,Read MoreTheme Of Allusion In Fahrenheit 451922 Words   |  4 Pagesbook are Henry David Thoreau and his book, Walden. Guy Fawkes and the book of Job connect to the book as well. The theme of Henry David Thoreau and his book Walden, is the effects of oppression. In his book he wants to get away from the industrial society. â€Å"Escape the trappings of industrial progress † (Thoreau). He isolates himself from the outside world and chooses to live alone in the middle of the woods. He is living in a world of oppression because he is in isolation and believes in living lifeRead MoreTheme Of Perseverance In Bend It Like Beckham1352 Words   |  6 PagesHow is the theme of perseverance in Hidden figures and Bend it like Beckham used to influence viewers and how are cinematic techniques applied to achieve this? Through the use of symbolism, and cinematic techniques, Hidden figures, a movie directed by Theodore Melfiand and Bend it like Beckham by Gurinder Chadha both explore the dangers that are inherent in a marginalised society. Each texts demonstrates that hope for change is needed in society. Through these texts we see that people have no conscienceRead MoreAnalysis Of Tupac Shakur s The Rose That Grew From Concrete ``1687 Words   |  7 Pagesso, they are just breathing. These poems all resemble determination. These poems show similarity of courage because it includes perseverance, strength, and dignity. These poems display perseverance. According to the poem, Tupac states â€Å"Long live the rose that grew from concrete when no one else ever cared.†(Line 7/8) This quote from the poem signifies perseverance because discouragement is a huge barrier to overcome and people manage to push through. There are times when people have no one

Zionism and the Impact of World War One on the Middle East

The nationalist movement of Zionism emerged out of the Jewish people’s need for a national state of their own. This idea harkens back to the establishment of the Kingdom of Israel after the Exodus. The Holy Land and all of its historic prestige persisted in Jewish culture as they spread throughout the Diaspora for 2000 years. Restrictions and persecution followed the Jewish people as they were met with prejudice throughout Eastern and Western Europe. Organized political Zionism grew from tsarist Russia, where pogroms carried out against the Russian and Polish Jews in the 1880’s killed thousands. Originating in Russia in 1884, an agency named the Lovers of Zion assisted the emigration of Jews to Palestine, where they organized small farms. During this time Leon Pinsker wrote â€Å"Auto-Emancipation†, a Zionist pamphlet in which he posits an answer to the â€Å"Jewish Question†. He argues that Jews are despised all over the world, and are viewed as aliens that cannot be assimilated. He also states, â€Å"Since it is not to be our mission to reform mankind, we must see what we have to do for ourselves under the circumstances.† Another prominent Zionist activist was Theodor Herzel who wrote the â€Å"Jewish State† in 1896, where he asserts that the Jews comprised a nation without a political state. It is important to note that both Pinsker and Herzel did not directly name Palestine as the location for a Jewish state. The following year, Herzel organized the first Zionist Congress in Basel inShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Arab Israeli War1203 Words   |  5 PagesIsraeli Conflict The Middle Eastern area has experienced and suffered more conflict and blood shed than probably any part of the world. The Arab-Israeli war in 1948 was the first step of a century of bloody and hostile conflicts. The Arab- Israeli war was caused by a number of factors both intraregional and international, which created a catalyst of war through a complex situation. This was triggered by Israel’s independence declaration in 14 May 1948; in the Arab-Israeli war the victor was IsraelRead MoreThe Rise Of Zionism And Arab Nationalism1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe rise of Zionism and Arab Nationalism in the nineteenth century triggered major political tensions in the region of Palestine. The conflict among the Zionists and Arab Nationalists is primarily due to the politics of territory and is essentially not comprised of religious opposition. In fact, before the advent of Zionism and Arab Nationalism, Jews and Palestinians shared a local identity due to mutual tolerances. This ident ity, which took precedence over religion, created a vivacious communityRead MoreSuper Power Involvement in the Middle East1401 Words   |  6 PagesUSSR and US were in engaged in a war by proxy, which is very easy to identify if you analyze the conflicts in the Middle East from 1948 until, and including, the Yom Kippur War of 1978. The superpowers would employ tactics such as supplying their various ‘allies’ in the Middle East with weapons and finances which would afford them the ability to engage in the many conflicts that took place in that period such as the Suez Crisis, Six Day War and the Yom Kippur War. All of this was done without eitherRead MoreUS Support for the State of Israel Essay1421 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Delegitimization: The Jewish State has no right to exist. Israelis do not belong in the Middle East. Double Standards: Israel is condemned harshly for self-defense measures and social problems that are seen as acceptable or inevitable in other nati ons. Demonization: Through distortions and lies, Israel is depicted as the world’s most evil and dangerous country, and the claim is made that if the Jewish State ceased to exist, the middle east’s and the world’s problems would be solved† (Israel 101, 39). In a pollRead MoreBuber And Arendt Approaches To Zionism1360 Words   |  6 PagesIn my paper, I will be compared Buber and Arendt’s approaches to Zionism. Although they both have the same humanist perspective on Zionism, their approaches in their discussion of Zionism is exceedingly different. Therefore, although both Buber and Arendt recognize the importance of incorporating the Palestinians in the process of the creation of a Jewish state, Buber has a more optimistic view than Arendt. However, both Buber and Arendt are critical of nationalism and imperialist power’s influenceRead MoreJew in the Arab World 1071 Words   |  5 Pagesages. As a result of that many of an ethnic group fro m outside Middle East decides to move on to that rich area which later many minorities have spread to the Islamic Empire land therefore The Arabic regions were famous with the diversity of minority which creates a lot of conflict with Middle East region especially in Jews and Arab sides. The United Nation Resolution 181 (1947), this resolution impacts the stability in the Middle East region which leads to many conflicts between Arab and Jewish minorityRead MoreI: Introduction. 1.What Role Did Zionism Play In Influencing1850 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION 1. What role did Zionism play in influencing Inter-Arab state politics? 2. In what ways did Western Imperialism mobilize Zionism and Arab Nationalism? 3. What were the key differences between Zionism and Arab Nationalism? 4. Was the 1948 Palestinian/Israeli war inevitable, or could it have been avoided? II: Theoretical Framework This essay will seek to examine the role Identity Politics played in the conflict between Zionism and its Arab neighbors in the Middle East. At the core of IdentityRead MoreThe Israel Palestine Conflict Essay987 Words   |  4 PagesDating back to the beginning of the 20th century, Israel’s and Palestine’s relationship took a turn, causing wars to break out and many unnecessary deaths to occur. Since then, things have changed greatly, and I don’t believe the conflict between them can currently be solved. The friction between these two countries and religions is still increasing, and so is the hostility that’s contained by the Palestinian people. Israel has committed many human rights violations, including killings, beatingsRead MoreArab, Muslim And Middle East1875 Words   |  8 Pagestopic, we must first define the following terms: Arab, Muslim and Middle East. Millions of the people that fall into these categories live in the United States, yet we har dly take the time to learn to differentiate between them thanks to the negative connotations that are associated with each of these terms (Chin, 2009). To be considered Arab, you or your ancestors live or lived in the Arab world and speak Arabic. The â€Å"Arab world† is made up of 22 states and territories whom are part of the ArabRead MoreThe Difficult History of the Jews Filled with Persecution973 Words   |  4 Pagespersecution, ultimately adding one deadly tenet that all Jews must be eliminated. As the international economic crisis of the Great Depression spread in the early 1930s, the Nazis fed on the discontent of the lower and middle classes of Germany. Most German voters who brought the Nazis to power assumed their extremism would be tempered by the responsibility and compromise necessary to govern. They were mistaken. Jews lost their jobs, their citizenship, and all civil rights. When war broke out in 1939, escape

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 1074 Words

A friend is someone who you experience life with and bond through the prosperous times and also the hardships. A friend is someone who truly understands the person you are, there the person that understands the emotions you express, they don’t give up on you no matter the struggles you face. That, is a true friend. There are many things that shape a man and the character he has. In Mark Twains masterpiece The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn there are many subjects exploited, three are explored in friendship, emotions, and individualism and conformity. Emotions can overpower beliefs, morals, and human nature, they occur spontaneously and sway decisions instantly. Twain shows the power of emotions through Huck many times in the book. Huck†¦show more content†¦When he heard these words he was struck by grief and couldn’t bring himself to do it. This goes to show how decisions can be swayed when overwhelmed with emotions. He went against all the morals that had bee n instilled into him by his peers. This is seen every day in today’s society. Many crimes take place today because of emotion. An example is domestic violence. Every man knows it’s wrong to hit a girl but sometimes emotions are so strong they can cause people to make bad decisions to hit a girl. Twain defines many other subjects in life in Huckleberry Finn. In the book Twain defines the true meaning of friendship through the events and emotions that Huck and Jim’s experience. He shows that that true friendship isn’t something that comes easy and it takes many conflicts to test the strength of the friendship. The definition of a friend according to Twain is someone that will against everything they’ve been taught and will put themselves in harms way for the good of their friend. Twain displays this when Huck goes to Silas’s plantation to save Jim after he had been sold by the King. Huck was in danger because if his cover was blown he could b e punished severely or even hurt. To Huck it was worth it because Jim was a true friend that would do the same for him. Jim also showed many acts of true friendship in the book. Jim trusted Huck with his life when he had never trusted another white man in his life. This goes

Is your Bible Holy or full of Holes Essay Example For Students

Is your Bible Holy or full of Holes Essay IS YOUR BIBLE HOLY OR JUST FULL OF HOLES?Answer the following questions using a NIV BibleMatthew 6:13How does the lords prayer end?Matthew 8:29Who was the demons afraid of who would torment them?Matthew 17:21What two things did Jesus say are needed to cast out a demon?Matthew 18:11Why did Jesus come to earth?Mark 7:16What is needed to hear?Mark 15:28Who was Jesus numbered with?Luke 22:14How many Apostles were with Jesus at the Last Supper? Luke 23:38The sign over the cross, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS was written in what languages?John 5:4Who troubled the water?John 7:50What time of day did Nicodemus come to Jesus ?Acts 8:37What should a person do before they are baptised ?Acts 9:6When Paul got saved what question did he ask Jesus? Romans 16:24What did Paul pray for each of us to have? (It is his signature closing in each of his books.)1 Timothy 3:16Who was made manifest in the flesh?1 John 5:7According to this verse, who are the three persons of the Trinity?Revelation 1:11What does Jesus call himself that implies that he is GOD?Now do the same using the KJV version. God has not only revealed His word (Heb. 1:1,2 ) and inspired His word(II Tim. 3:16,17), but He also promised to preserve and keep His Word pure and perfect down through each generation till the end of time. This is called the Doctrine of Divine Bible Preservation. (Romans 4:20,21; Titus 1:2; Hebrews 10:23)1. Psalms 12:6,76. Psalms 119:1522. Psalms 78:1-87. Psalms 119:1603. Psalms 105:88. Proverbs 22:20,215. Psalms 119:11110. Matthew 5:17,1812. Luke 22:44 (Jesus put his stamp of approval on the Old Testament)13. Matthew 24:35 (Jesus puts his stamp of approval on the New Testament)a. Preservation of the GospelsJohn 14:26b. Preservation of the Acts..John 15:26,27c. Preservation of the Epistles(letters of the Apostles).John 16:12-13d. Preservation of Revelation..John 16:13b*******************************************Why do they call it the Received Text or Majority Text ? Because out of the 5,255 total manuscripts of the Greek New Testament, 5,210 or (99%) of them agree. Only two fairly complete manuscripts from the 2nd century and 43 partial fragments of scripture disagree with the Received Text. Received TextWestcott Hort of the N.T. Has 140,521 Greek words in the N.T.Changes 5,604 Passages. Has 217 Greek words per page. A total of 9,970 words have been Has 647 pages of text.left out, added in or changed ( Thats 7After 2,000 years it still hasof the N.T.-equal to the size of the book of674 unaltered pagesRomans). Had 26 new editions in 81 years100% of the Greek words (allthats one new edition every 3.1 years!140,521) have been preserved by GOD!WHICH DO YOU CARRY, A SWORD OR A BUTTERKNIFE?Bibliography:

Vulnerability Assessment to Cyber Businesses-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How Do Vulnerability Assessment to Cyber Businesses? Answer: Introducation Technology has evolved and many people depend on computers and the internet in running their daily activities. The computers are used practically in every organizations and form part of the crucial running of a particular organizational activity. For those who cannot be able to have machines in their offices or homes but need them for transacting businesses and communication, then the cyber cafes enable them do so. Vulnerability Assessment techniques for the cyber cafe business will therefore, be the main focus of this work. Before any contract is signed, investigation of a business or a person is done and any possible risks take care of to ascertain the viability of the products or services offered. This process is known as due diligence. In a cyber-business, due diligence is important if conducted on the supplier of the machines and equipment that will be used in the business. Vulnerability allows the transformation of hazard to a risk from the assessment. According to SANS Institute (2001), the process of conducting a vulnerability assessment test is very crucial and should be done in three major concepts; Conduct assessments The planning and performance of the vulnerability assessment is done at this level. Definition of activity scopes, the collection of data and information that is relevant, responsibility and role definition encompasses the process. Review of procedures and policies, interviews and security scanning are some of the methods mentioned by the author. Identify exposures Data and information collected in the first phase is reviewed to enable issue of accountability processes and management processes. The information is also used in other processes like enterprise trending and wide risk assessments. Threats and exposures are identified in this stage. Address exposures Proper investigation is done to determine whether the exposures identified actually need redressing services or not. The findings of the investigation will determine the system upgrade that will be decided on or if not will not be addressed. The complexity of the system used in the upgrade will be determined by the magnitude of the risk or possible threat that the exposure causes to the organization. SANS Institute (2001) advices that before any assessment is done, the order should start from the highest levels downwards towards finer details. SANS Institute (2001) illustrates that the vulnerability assessment is sometimes done poorly due to various reasons including the following; Insufficient or unavailability of relational observational data to events that are dangerous. Difficulties in data collection due to a huge number of dimensions to be explored and the complexity of the damage system. The purpose of the study and the three-dimensional or sequential scale analysis. Benefits of conducting a vulnerability assessment Various benefits are accrued from using vulnerability assessment in a business. According to SANS Institute (2001), some of the benefits are; Security exposures are identified on time before possible attack happens. This enables the business to find measures of addressing the exposures hence saving the eminent dangers of losing reputation and total collapse of the business. Early detection identifies both internal and external security exposures hence a business is not ambushed from either side. A detailed network map of enterprise is created or updated when the vulnerability assessment is done. If the assessment is not done properly, the rogue machines may produce unnecessary and unwanted risks which could have been dealt with earlier. An inventory of all the devices are created in a database. The database will be stored in a repository to free storage devices. It can be assessed any time and used for various activities like; system tracking, rescanning machines and general management of the business. The overall security posture of the business can be determined and the maintenance of an archive all possible vulnerabilities is enhanced with any number of systems on the network. Assets of the cyber business Some of the assets that are important in the cyber business include; The desktops and monitors, the Central Processing Units all computer hardware computer software storage devices. According to Proffitt (2008), assets could be categorized in various ways including; Servers that consist of Windows, Linux, or server of choice. Workstations consisting of laptops, desktops and the related hardware. Miscellaneous equipment that consists of such things as webcams, fire alarms and electric door controls, network enabled printers, first aid kits among others. Network Gear that has access points, video conferencing units, routers, balanced loaders and switches. According to R2A, vulnerability assessment techniques are useful in finding solutions to possible threats and risks that may face organizations. The assets listed can also be said to be the critical success factors of a cyber-business. The other possible critical success factors for the cyber business includes; the capability of the listed assets to perform the function for which they were made for, the physical resources and facilities available, customer loyalty and availability of staff to serve customers. They are critical for success since when they are properly installed and used, businesses are able to record profits and benefits. Vulnerability assessment enables the manager of a business determine the kid of assets available and the possible threat to each of them. R2A further documents that in vulnerability assessment, the threats are matched with an asset which enables the redirection of control efforts. The threats matched with the assets include; Critical failure of the servers or workstations Robbery, pilferage and/or collusive theft, malicious damage and industrial actions. Breakdown or complete destruction of the miscellaneous assets due to power surges Industrial espionage, misappropriation or sabotage of data, defamation, and rising costs due to security loses/vandalism. Failure of a major supply to the consumable assets like printing papers and inks Threat of theft of the machines and hardware. The critical vulnerabilities from these threats include; Physical vulnerabilities like theft or sabotage of the equipment Notional vulnerabilities like failure of the supplier that leads to disruption of the daily running of the business. Failure of Servers and miscellaneous assets According to R2A, the critical vulnerabilities have a lot of impacts on; community, people and performance; direct and indirect cost of activities; organizational behavior, goodwill, quality of life and reputation of the business. The environment, asset and resource base of the organization is also put at risk by these critical vulnerabilities. Precautionary analysis From the vulnerability assessment done above on the cyber business various vulnerability assessment techniques can be applied in the process of identification and address of the vulnerabilities. These techniques enable the whole process to be easy and profitable. According to Proffitt (2008), one of the techniques used is the QualsyGuard that offers solutions on vulnerability assessment online. The technique is run by Qualsy who offers Internet Protocol (IP) hardware based items for the assessment to be installed in the business premises or can allow use of their scanners from their operation centers. The use of QualsyGuard technique is important in various ways including; The data retention period is long for up to two years hence can be accessed when need arises hence very efficient. The data does not have to be stored in your devices but in a repository hence saving storage space. Relief is provided in terms of securing workstations, provision, configuration or securing hardware to be used for the san hence very efficient to use. This is because the hardware needed for the vulnerability assessment is provided for the service. All the system data collected from various appliances is stored in a single repository for ease of assessment and retrieval. The technique is also responsible for automatically updating the scanning machines and maintaining the vulnerability signatures. The machines are updated with a vulnerability database in which queries can be compared. The data collected from your system are under a very tight security with heightened confidentiality, availability and integrity. The precautionary analysis that could be from the assessed vulnerabilities include the following; Always purchase appliances, hardware and software from qualified and licensed retailers or distributors. These will be very significant in ensuring that they are not rendered inoperable once they are installed. Vulnerability assessment should be done before the equipment are fed with data, or installed for use at a particular place. These could be helpful in preventing attacks both on hardware and software either externally or internally. Before vulnerability assessment is done, the top most management of the enterprise should give an approval such that no blame games are issued in case of possible internal threats are identified. The assessment team should be given a go ahead after the risks of scanning the systems is fully understood by the management. Awareness training should be conducted to the management and employees of an enterprise before the Vulnerability assessment is done such that they will be knowledgeable on how to handle the machines or how to address the identified exposures at the end of the exercise. The training should clearly define and explain the exercise; the areas of infrastructure to be assessed and its importance to the enterprise, expectations and how reports can be created; the importance of the technology for the enterprise with details of the severity levels in which action should be taken. The correct data from the results of the vulnerability assessment should be relayed only to the authorized people since it is very critical to the organization. Relaying the data to the right people will guarantee success of the vulnerability assessment program since they will be able to authorize and initiate the best ways to address the exposures identified on time before an impeding attack takes place. SANS Institute (2001) illustrates that vulnerability assessments are very crucial to an enterprise and should be adopted. The reasons given for the use of vulnerability assessment is that the existing enterprise controls may not sufficiently provide comprehensive assurance of ongoing and appropriate confidentiality, availability of information and integrity. A good image is illustrated on how security is managed and improved, with the identification of areas that need consideration, when the vulnerability assessment is used by an organization. The author, SANS Institute (2001), still advices that the development of policies that are firm will enable timely completion of the vulnerability assessment program in line with the needs of the organization. The Vulnerability assessment program will be helpful to the management of the organization through provision of a continuous base from which their assessments are compared from. The assessment program should be able to enable the enterprise create inventory of all devices that is very essential in programming for upgrades and assessments in the future. The data should enable the prediction of future possible attacks hence very useful for the security system of the organization. When approved and used by the management, then the program will be considered official and authorized for use by the official activities of the organization. Conclusion The burden of compliance efforts, reduction of risk levels by the corporations and organizations, due diligence performance provision of forensic data and report generation for technology metrics use can be aided by a leveraged vulnerability assessment program. The program will increase the defense depth of the organization against attacks and increase knowledge and skills on how to identify and mitigate exposures and threats. Using the vulnerability assessment program therefore, will be very essential in providing the cyber business a safer and protected computing atmosphere. References Proffitt, T. (2008). Creating a Comprehensive Vulnerability Assessment Program for a Large Company Using QualysGuard. SANS Institute (2001). Vulnerability Assessments: The Pro-active Steps to Secure Your Organization R2A- Due Diligence Engineers

Evaluate psychographic segmentation as a basis for effective marketing in the UK car industry Essay Example

Evaluate psychographic segmentation as a basis for effective marketing in the UK car industry Paper Analyzing the market involves determining how strong the market is and in what ways it is changing. Segmentation involves breaking apart a large market into smaller groups which share certain characteristics and behaviours. The third stage is selecting target market(s) and matching the 4Ps of the marketing mix (price, product, place and promotion) to the need of the selected segment(s) and, finally, positioning the product being market, whether it is a car, food, or clothing, in the minds of the consumers. If the above marketing process is carried out successfully, then we have effective marketing. This essay will focus on the second stage of the marketing process, segmentation. The essay will begin to discuss the importance of market segmentation and the bases used to segment target markets. Overall, the essay will evaluate Psychgraphic Segmentation as a basis for effective marketing in the UK car industry and the benefits and the limitations of psychographics will be viewed. In addition, use of other segmentation techniques will also be discussed to show where they are predominantly used or where they are used in conjunction with psychographics. Main body For marketing to be effective, a competitive advantage must be gained. This is accomplished through successful segmentation in order to enable markets to have a variety of product needs and preferences and to allow customer needs to be better defined. Psychographic segmentation is one type of segmentation technique which we will concentrate on. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluate psychographic segmentation as a basis for effective marketing in the UK car industry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluate psychographic segmentation as a basis for effective marketing in the UK car industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluate psychographic segmentation as a basis for effective marketing in the UK car industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This type of segmentation divides the market into different groups based on social class, lifestyle and personality. This way of segmenting is an interesting way since it gets into how people think in terms of the activities, interests and opinions (AIO) of the people. Thus, by knowing the psychographics of ones customers enables industries to create the correct advertising message. The following table shows some examples of AIO of the people. Psychographics are used in practice in the marketing of cars. One of the variables of psychographics mentioned above which marketers look at is social class. Cars for upper social classes and for lower social classes will be different. It is more likely for example for BMWs to be targeted at lawyers rather than electricians. The Phaeton is the new Volkswagen luxury car which is being targeted at wealthy buyers. This type of car for example along with other such as Audi, Bentley, Bugatti and Lamborghini would only be targeted at those with a high paying job. Jaguar cars are examples of cars which are targeted by Ford at rich gay markets. This type of market is attracted to Jaguars since they have no children and their income is highly disposable. Luxury cars such as those mentioned would not attract non wealthy consumers. Buyers who cannot afford to spend money on cars would simply want any car to get them from one place to another and they wouldnt care about the style of the car. Ford caters for different social stratas. For example its Ka model may appeal most to the younger generation who dont have any family commit to. The Fiesta is aimed at first time drivers who are looking for a cheap car. The Galaxy model is ideal for families as its a people carrier car. Large families will obviously not go and buy a Ka or Fiesta they would buy a larger car such as the Galaxy. The 1. 7 TD Vauxhall Astras are practical family cars so they too would be aimed at consumers with families. The Astra 1. 7 TD is a fast car and can go along way without having to stop for fuel still making it an ideal family car for long drive trips and vacations. As can be seen, markets can be segmented so as to target products according to what the consumers opinion, interests and activities are. A further example of a car targeted at consumer interests is the Ford Puma. This sporty stylish car attracts and satisfies consumers who are into sport. Other segmentation techniques which are used in marketing include geographic demographic and behavioural segmentation. Geographic segmentation divides the market into different geographic units such as nations, countries, regions, cities, demographic into groups based on age, gender and income and behavioural based on occasions, benefit sought, user status, user rate and loyalty status. Demographic segmentation is used by car industries to target consumers. For example, luxury cars such as BMWs and Feraris will be targeted at those people who earn a high income. Also, different cars are targeted at different genders. For example, the Minis are more likely to be targeted at females rather then at males since it is a more feminine car. The stage in peoples life cycle affects marketing. More expensive cars could be targeted at newly married couples since they are more likely to spend money on cars. Occupation is another variable of demographics. People will tend to but cars suitable for their occupation. Geographic segmentation is also used for segmenting the car industry. A four wheel drive car for example is more likely to appeal to and attract consumers living in the country or near the mountains. Both geographic and demographic variables are relatively easy to measure and to get access to however they are not very successful. Why? Well lets take an example. Latino people are all different, listen to different music, eat at different restaurants, and drive different cars. An Asian male who lives in Los Angeles, will probably not like 80% of the same things as another Asian male in Los Angeles but might be an 85% match with a woman who lives in Britain. Relating this to cars, one of the men might like Honda cars like the woman in Britain however the other man might not. The example just described shows that demographics are poor indications of buying habits since they dont show what motivates the customers to purchase the product. Behavioural variables also lack showing what motivates people. They are observable however difficult to like to individuals. Due to the limitations of behavioral variables and demographics, companies have turned more to and are starting to analyze psychographics more. Psychographics allow us to more clearly understand consumers lifestyles and characteristics and give us more complete pictures of individuals thus making it easier to understand how to market products to them. Consumers behave unpredictably. Heath (1996) says that consumers demonstrate loyalties to brands (or not), blindly follow trends (or not), and buy according to their convictions and aspirations (or not). Individuals are innovators in some product categories, but not in others. What they say they do and what they really do are seldom the same (Heath, 1996). She also states that Psychographics help to clarify the behaviours which consumers exhibit. Another benefit to psychographics is that they minimize risks (Weinstein, 1994). Porsche is an example which uses psychographics. Using Demographics, Porshe targeted a homogenous group of male college graduates earning over i 100,000 per year and sold cars costing between i 20 and i 41 thousand to them however it turned out that the wrong people were being marketed. Porshe turned to using psychographics and segmented its market into groups according to the consumers characteristics as shown below: Top Guns: Driven, ambitious. Power and control matter. Want to be noticed. Elitists: Old money. A car is just a car, no matter how expensive. Proud: Ownership an end in itself earned by hard work, no need to be noticed. Bon Vivants: Worldly jet setters and thrill seekers. Car heightens the excitement in their already passionate lives Fantasists: Their car is an escape, uninterested in impressing others, may feel a little guilty about owning a Porsche. Taylor, 1995). By targeting the above different segments, Porshes sales increased. The new 911 Turbo is both fast and exciting and would target consumers who care about their ego. These consumers would probably go for colourful cars in order to attract attention. Apart from the benefits which psychographics possess, there are a number of limitations. Psychographics are not easy to measure and are not normally available from other resources. Researching for psychographics is often confusing and complex and according to Weinstein (1994), it can be very costly. Critics also claim that the categories psychographic research places consumers in overlaps so much that it does not differentiate among consumers1. Gunter (1992) also states that psychographic research can be lengthy and narrow, or unable to be projected onto an entire population. Despite these limitations, psychographics have been used as mentioned above in the examples. What has been found to be an even greater success for understanding consumer behaviour and achieving effective marketing is using psychographics in conjunction with demographics. Income, a demographic variable, plays a very important role in marketing segmentation since it has a great effect on and can change peoples lifestyles. The more money a consumer has the more luxurious his car would be. Gender and sex are two further demographic variables which are used in conjunction with psychographics. The Alpha Spider car used both demographics and psychographics to segment and target consumers. This car attracts buyers who like fast sporty and stylish cars which they can show off and impress others since it posses those features. At the same time, the Alpha Spider would target people with high incomes since only they would be able to afford such a car. This car is also more likely to target men rather than women. Women are more likely to go for more practical cars and features such as the speed of a car wouldnt matter so much to them however, this is not always true. There are some women out there who do like such cars. This last example shows that psychographics and demographics work effectively when used in conjunction with one another.

Intercultural Communication

Intercultural Communication Anyone who has visited or lived in a different country will notice that people speak and interact in different ways from what people in other cultures are commonly used to. These differences in cultural, religious and ethnic backgrounds are what are used to explain intercultural communication.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Intercultural Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Intercultural communication is defined as a type of global communication that is used by individuals from different religious, social, ethnic and educational backgrounds. It seeks to provide an understanding of how people from various cultures communicate in the global context by providing the forms of communication used in these cultures. As a field of research, intercultural communication provides in-depth information on the various communication and interactional situations that people from different ethnic backgrounds and communitie s find themselves in and also how they interact with people from different cultures (Gudykunst 2003). Intercultural communication also focuses on the attributes and perceptions of people who are termed to be intercultural so as to explain the types of communication strategies and practices they engage during networking sessions. Interculturality is an essential aspect of intercultural communication because it is able to capture the complex phenomenon of cross-cultural interactions. It talks about the various cultures that exist in the world as well as the ethnic backgrounds of different people and how this affects interactions and communication. Intercultural communication combines the concepts of interculturality and discussion to gain a useful insight into the theories and frameworks that form this concept (Hess-Luttich, 2003). There are various theories which have been developed to explain the concept of intercultural communication some of which include the theories focusing on c ommunication networks, theories focusing on effective outcomes, theories on accommodation, negotiation and management theories and theories based on acculturation and adjustment (Gudykunst 2003). The purpose of this study will be to evaluate the various theories and frameworks that are used to explain pragmatic intercultural concepts. Theories on Intercultural Communication As mentioned in the introductory part of the essay, there are various theories that have been developed to explain the pragmatic concepts that make up intercultural communication. One of these theories is the theory of effective outcomes and an example of this theory is cultural convergence.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The cultural convergence theory explains intercultural communication to be a type of communication system that begins to form in a relatively closed social system where i nteractions between members are unrestricted. Cultural convergence occurs when members within such a system begin to converge together over a particular time to form a more excellent cultural uniformity meaning communication interactions will be similar amongst all the members in the group. In the case of a restricted social system, cultural convergence within the society will diverge towards a diverse state of uniformity where they are able to adopt the various communication practices of members who exist in other communities (Wiseman, 2003). The theories focusing on accommodation or adaption explain intercultural communication to be the use of linguistic strategies that are meant to decrease or increase the distances that exist in cross-cultural communication interactions. The theories that fall under this category include communication accommodation theories, intercultural adaption theories and co-cultural theories. The communication accommodation theories explain intercultural c ommunication as the type of strategies, techniques, or approaches that are used to bridge the gap that exists between people of a different cultural setting. Intercultural adaption, on the other hand, explains intercultural communication to be how people from a diverse cultural background adapt to the communication needs of others especially in purpose-related encounters which necessitate the adaption of cultural factors (Griffin, 2000). The co-cultural theory explains intercultural communication to be the interactions that exist amongst under-represented or dominant cultural groups. This theory explains co-cultures to include people of a different color or ethnic race, women, homosexuals, lower-class people and people who are disabled. This theory, therefore, seeks to address the communication needs of these groups of people by providing an explanation for how different people are able to communicate (Griffin, 2000).  Identity management theories are also a form of intercultural communication theory developed to explain the cross-cultural aspect of communication where intercultural communication under this theory is seen to originate from the intercultural and intracultural types of speakers from the same and different cultures. This theory developed by William R. Cupach and Tadasu Todd Imahori focuses on the multiple identities that various individuals possess as well as the cultural and relational identities that are regarded to form part of the identity management theory. In this theory, Cupach and Imahori claim that the individual identity of a person reveals the various faucets of their cultural background.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Intercultural Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These theory looks at intercultural communication as an act of trial and error that addresses similar aspects in individual identities, a form of mixing up the identities of communicators so as to achieve a relational identity that is acceptable to all participants and a kind of distinctive cultural identity that helps to establish relations with people that possess different relational identities (Gudykunst, 2003). The identity negotiation theory refers to the various processes that people have to go through for them to reach an agreement with others in regards to the type of relationships they will have with other people. The double swing model of identity negotiation focuses on how individuals, cultures and intercultural notions change the course of communication and translational exchanges. This intercultural theory is referred to as double model because it shows that both communication parties play the role of the addresser and addressee. Intercultural communication is seen as an infinite process that allows the two participants of the communication process to change during the meeting (Lindner, 2009). All these three theories focus on explaining the importance of an individual’s identity in understanding intercultural communication. The theories of communication networks explain intercultural communication to be a pattern of contact that is created by the flow of messages between various communicators. These theories argue that for cross-cultural communication to take place, the concept of the message has to be understood by all parties in the communication network. This will, therefore, require gaining an understanding of data, information, knowledge, images and symbols that can be moved from one point of the network to another (Monge Contractor, 2003). Communication networks take many forms in either organizational or individual contexts and they can include personal contact networks, strategic alliances that have been developed between two companies, a global communication between various organizations and a network flow of information between two or more groups. The theories that are used to explain communication networks in int ercultural communication include networks and out-group communication competencies which highlight the cross-cultural communication networks between groups and intracultural vs. intercultural networks which discusses the language used by speakers from the same and different cultures (Monge Contractor, 2003). These communication network theories explain intercultural communication to be a network of information, data, opinions and ideas that have originated from the cultural backgrounds of individuals from different ethnic and religious backgrounds.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The theories that focus on acculturation and adjustment explain intercultural communication to be a collaborative effort in which two strangers from different cultural backgrounds are engaged in a joint effort within a receiving environment. Acculturation is the exchanging of features that make up culture and concepts resulting in a group of individuals who have different cultures coming into first-hand contact with the original cultural patterns. It merely focuses on how people can be able to adjust to another cultural context in the event they are placed in one by circumstances. The theories that fall under acculturation and adjustment include communication acculturation, anxiety/uncertainty management and assimilation or deviance states of acculturation (Kim, 1995). Communication acculturation refers to how cross-cultural adaption takes place as a collaborative effort between various individuals from separate cultural backgrounds so as to form a collaborative effort for communica tion. Anxiety or uncertainty management as a theory of acculturation defines intercultural communication to be the uncertain exchanges that people from different cultural backgrounds have with others they have just met. When strangers communicate with hosts for the first time, they experience a certain level of anxiety and uncertainty, which is mostly brought about by intercultural backgrounds. Strangers need to manage their uncertainty when they are communicating with other people effectively according to this theory which will enable them to manage their behavior as well as predict their host’s behavior (Griffin, 2000). The theory of assimilation and deviance explains acculturation as a type of adaptation and adaption to temporary outcomes of the intercultural communication process that exists between strangers and hosts. This theory explains intercultural communication to be either the alienation or assimilation of a group of intercultural individuals leading to deviant or morally upright behavior (Gudykunst, 2005). The face negotiation theory, which is another relevant theory of intercultural communication propagates that the root cause of conflicts, especially in intercultural communication, is mostly brought about by identity management on an individual and cultural level. These individual and cultural levels are what are referred to as faces meaning that they reflect the public image of an individual and group which are evaluated by an intercultural society based on cultural norms and values (Ting-Toomey, 2005). The conflict in this type of intercultural communication arises when a group or individual from a specific cultural society is threatened by others from a different ethnic society. The theoretical assumption that forms the basis for this theory is that culture plays an essential part in influencing how people communicate and manage intercultural confrontations within their societies. Culture in this theory of intercultural communication p rovides a theoretical frame of reference for individuals and groups during essential interactions. The face-negotiation theory addresses conflicts through the use of three goals that lead to conflicts during the communication process and these goals include content, relational and identity. Content goals are defined as the external issues that individuals view to be important while relational conflict goals are the types of conflict that arise when individuals try to define their relationship with other members in the same situation of conflict (Katre et al, 2010). Identity conflict goals are those that are related to identity confirmation, respect and approval of members involved in the same confrontational situation. These three goals are related to culture and they explain how the face-negotiation theory fosters intercultural communication (Katre et al., 2010). Other assumptions that are used to explain this are that communication in different cultures is usually based on maintai ning positive interactions while at the same time negotiating conflicts and the face plays an important role when identities of communicators are put into question as a result of potential conflicts. This theory also assumes that competency which arises during intercultural communication is usually as a result of knowledge and mindfulness on the part of the communicators. Behavior also plays an essential role in the face-negotiation theory because it can be influenced by cultural variances as well as individual and relational factors (Katre et al., 2010). The face-negotiation theory is essential when it comes to explaining intercultural communication because it focuses on both cultural and individual/group levels. The individualistic and collectivistic cultures that fall under this theory explain intercultural communication to be a form of maintaining and resolving conflicts which arise during intercultural confrontations. Low-context and high-context communication that takes place under the face negotiation theory determine the kind verbal interaction styles that will be used by communicators (interaction approaches, indirect verbal negotiation and subtle nonverbal approaches) to reduce the incidence of conflicts when communicating (Katre et al., 2010). Conclusion The theories focused on in this evaluation all explain intercultural communication to be a global form of establishing and maintaining open lines of dialogue between people of different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. The evaluation has provided a useful insight into the importance of this theories and also how they perceive intercultural communication. References Griffin, E., (2000). A first look at communication theory. Boston, Massachusetts:  McGraw Hill Publishers Gudykunst, W.B., (2003) Intercultural communication theories. Thousand Oaks,  California: Sage Publications Gudykunst, W.B., (2005). Theorizing about intercultural communication. Thousand  Oaks, California: Sage Publications Hes s-Luttich, E.W., (2003). Intercultural communication. Studies in Communication  Sciences, 3(2): 41-58 Katre, D., Orngreen, R., Yammiyavar, P., (2010). Human work interaction design.  New York: Springer Science Kim, Y.Y., (1995). Cross-cultural adaption: an integrative theory. Thousand Oaks,  California: Sage Publications Lindner, E., (2009). Emotion and conflict: how human rights can dignify emotion and  help us wage good conflict. New York: Greenwood Publishing Monge, P.R., Contractor, N.S., (2003). Theories of communication networks. New  York: Oxford University Press Ting-Toomey, S., (2005). The matrix of face: an updated face-negotiation theory.  Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications Wiseman, R.L., (2003). Intercultural communication competence. Thousand Oaks,  California: Sage Publications.